Latvia has no implemented funder Open Science policy yet.
In addition to direct funding by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science research in the Netherlands is also funded by the following organisations:
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) – NWO is of the opinion that research results paid for by public funds should be freely accessible worldwide. This applies to both scientific publications and other forms of scientific output. In principle, it must be possible to share research data with others as well. In the Regulation on Granting with respect to Open Access NWO asks for "immediate open access at the moment of publication".
- NWO also wants publicly funded research data to become Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). With effect from 1 October 2016 NWO implemented a data management policy in all NWO funding instruments. Starting from 1st of January 2020, NWO updated its data management protocol. The basic principles remained. For all grants awarded from the 1st of January 2020, a new data management plan (DMP) template will apply. This template is in line with Science Europe’s Core Requirements for Data Management Plans and it will better support researchers in ensuring that their data are FAIR. See the website of NWO for more information and all changes.
- NWO is one of the funders in Plan S, which will start in 2021. The first publications under Plan S requirements will appear a few years later.
- The aim of ZonMw is to promote quality and innovation of health research in order to make health care better and to keep it affordable. ZonMw has a central role in this area as national funding organisation. The activities of ZonMw cover the entire spectrum from basic research to the implementation of new treatments, disease prevention, and health care improvements. ZonMw requires researchers to make all publications resulting from their subsidised research, available via Open Access. The policy for RDM is that the data from funded projects are ‘as open as possible and as closed as necessary’.
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) – The Academy believes that research data and publications based on publicly funded research should be freely accessible. All publications by KNAW researchers are freely available, preferably immediately but at the latest after 18 months. The same applies to research data unless there are compelling reasons (privacy, statutory regulations) that prevent this. KNAW makes budget funds available to encourage KNAW researchers and institutes to make their publications and data accessible through open access.
Malta has not implemented a funder Open Access/Open Science policy yet.
There is no funder requiring open access to research results in the Czech Republic.
The Research Council’s Policy on Open Access to Research Data aims to ensure that research data are accessible to relevant users, on equal terms, and at the lowest possible cost. Projects that receive funding from the Research Council are to assess whether the need to draw up a data management plan.
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The guidelines in the policy apply to all data generated by projects funded by the Research Council – with a few exceptions.
The principles and guidelines in the Research Council’s policy conform to the National Strategy on access to and sharing of research data.
Requirements relating to data storage
As a general rule, R&D-performing institutions themselves are responsible for determining which archiving solution to use. Under certain circumstances, the Research Council is entitled to stipulate storage of data and/or metadata in specific national or international archives.
In connection with certain relevant projects in the fields of social science, humanities, medicine and health, and environmental and development research, the funding recipient is responsible for archiving data at the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD).
All projects awarded funding must assess the need for a data management plan. The R&D-performing institution must assess the need to develop a data management plan in relation to all projects awarded Research Council funding.
The Norwegian Research Council signed cOAlition S’ Plan S in 2018, which states that: “With effect from 2021, all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in Open Access Journals, on Open Access Platforms, or made immediately available through Open Access Repositories without embargo.”
Since September 2019 the Ministry of Health is asking to publish the underlying data of publications produced with its fundings, in accordance with the Lancet Reward (REduce research Waste And Reward Diligence) Campaign.
This initiative states: "We maximise our research potential when: [...] all information on research methods and findings are accessible". Besides, along with others, the following priority is set: "Make publicly available the full protocols, analysis plans or sequence of analytical choices, and raw data for all designed and undertaken biomedical research".
In January 2014 the Ministry of Education, Universities and Research mandated OA for publications and datasets arising from the funding programme for young scientists (Bando SIR Scientific Independence for young scientists programme D. D. 23/01/14 n. 17). According to the mandate, data and peer-reviewed articles must be deposited no later than the time of publication, and must be available in OA no later than six months from the date of publication in scientific, technical and medical fields and no later than 12 months from the date of publication in the social sciences and humanities.
In 2015 and 2017 the research funding programme Bandi PRIN financed by MIUR mandates open access to publications resulting from the funding programme in line with the law (L. 112 /2013). MIUR signed in 2019 an agreement with OpenAIRE to monitor the compliance with its mandates on Open Access.
Three private research funders, Telethon and Fondazione Cariplo and Educatt, have adopted a funder OA mandate.
Irish funding agencies have been very proactive about implementing Open Access policies aligned with international best practice. Some of the funding agency policies are listed below.
The ANR has a strong open access policy, fully aligned with the National Plan for Open Science launched by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation in 2018. It has three main objectives:
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Promote open access to publications
As part of the ANR’s contribution to the promotion and implementation of open science, and in line with the National Plan for Open Science, the funded project coordinator and partners must undertake to submit the scientific publications (full text) resulting from the research project to an open archive, either directly in HAL or via a local institutional archive, in accordance with the conditions in article 30 of the French “For a digital republic” act. In addition, the ANR recommends giving preference to publication in open access journals or books.
Contribute to open research data wherever possible
The ANR supports European and international alignment efforts on the structure of open research data, and is guided by the principle: “as open as possible, as closed as necessary”. The Agency draws coordinators’ attention to the importance of considering data management and sharing at the project development phase. It requires all projects funded in 2019 onwards to produce a Data Management Plan (DMP) summarising what datasets the project will produce, how they will evolve, and how they will be shared, reused and perpetuated.
In the interest of consistency, the ANR follows the recommendations of the Committee for Open Science (CoSO), which it has consulted on this matter. It uses the Science Europe DMP template, which aims to promote the international alignment of research data. The Agency has worked closely with the French Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (INIST) to ensure that its DMP template is integrated into the OPIDoR DMP tool, so that plans can be completed online: https://dmp.opidor.fr/public_templates
The template is intended for all of the ANR’s beneficiaries, in accordance with their discipline-specific requirements. The ANR must receive it within six months of the start of the scientific research work. The plan will be updated as the project progresses in accordance with the procedures set out in the grant allocation document and the ANR financial regulation.
Coordinate efforts at the national, European and international levels
At the national level
The Agency works with members of the wider French research and innovation community (funding agencies, research bodies, alliances, etc.) to better define and coordinate efforts to promote open access to publications and data. The ANR is represented on the steering committee of the Committee for Open Science’s permanent secretariat.
At the European and international levels
The ANR is also involved in various cross-border initiatives, where it upholds France’s position in favour of open science and bibliodiversity. It is a member of cOAlition S, which brings together several funding bodies to accelerate the transition to full and immediate access to scientific publications, and it supports the Plan S. The Agency is also a member of the French GO FAIR office.
Among funders, there is a mixed picture in terms of OA policies. Unlike most other Nordic countries Denmark has quite large private research foundations. None of the largest Danish public and private research funding bodies - the Independent Research Fund Denmark, the Innovation Fund Denmark, the DNRF, the Carlsberg Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation – have a policy regarding open access to research data, with the Lundbeck Foundation as an exception.
The Lundbeck company and the Lundbeck Foundation have a clear policy on Open Access, disclosing clinical trial information and results summaries in public registries and shares clinical data generated by or sponsored by Lundbeck. Although all the private foundations generally seem to acknowledge the principle of Open Science, there is also a tradition of not adopting policies that are fundamentally driven by state actors.
The publicly funded research foundations have adopted a common OA policy based on the Danish Open Access Strategy. Only one of the private foundations in Denmark has done so. These foundations then require grant holders to make research results and articles publicly available. Data is specifically excluded from this requirement, and OA publication costs are not eligible for funding (and obviously neither is data management costs).
Public Danish funders with an Open Access Policy:
- Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF)
- Danish National Research Foundation
- Danish Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation
- Innovationsfonden
- Nordic Council of Ministers
Private Danish funders with an Open Access Policy:
- The Velux Foundations: Villum Foundation and Velux Foundation - (in Danish only)
Almost all available publications and results were funded by The Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TUBITAK), FP7, H2020 projects.
TUBITAK Open Science Policywas accepted at the meeting of the TUBITAK Board of Directors on March 14, 2019.This Policy based on OpenAIRE model Policy on Open Science for Research Funding Organisations (RFOs). It covers publications (peer reviewed articles, etc.) and research data which is produced by TUBITAK support, completely or partially, and the publications and research data of TUBITAK researchers. It has been deemed appropriate to implement the policy to pilot programs in 2019 and to all support programs in 2020.
In Slovakia there are no funders policies.
Updated in August 2022.
Regarding open science in publicly funded research, national research funders have to implement national policies (like the National Strategy of Open Access to Scientific Publications and Research Data in Slovenia 2015-2020 or the Resolution on the Slovenian Scientific Research and Innovation Strategy 2030) as well as relevant legislative provisions (from the Scientific Research and Innovation Activities Act).
Slovenian Research Agency signed Plan S in September 2018 and the DORA Declaration in July 2019.
The National Science Centre (NCN) was among 11 national research funding organisations that launched the cOAlition S in 2018.
In April, 2019 NCN announced plans to introduce open science policy, as well as the requirement for data management plan (DMP) and published guidelines for applicants to complete the DMP form in the proposal. See: https://ncn.gov.pl/sites/default/files/pliki/regulaminy/wytyczne_zarzadzanie_danymi_ang.pdf
In February, 2020 members of the Council of the National Science Centre expressed their approval for a new open access policy to publications created as a result of research projects funded entirely or in part from NCN resources. The obligation to ensure open access to published research findings will apply to all projects recommended for funding under calls announced on 16 June 2020. See: https://www.ncn.gov.pl/aktualnosci/2020-02-27-plany-ncn-otwarty-dostep?language=en
In result, Open Access Policy was adopted by Order No 40/2020 of the Director of the National Science Centre of 31 May 2020. As announced on the funder's website: "The Open Access Policy was modelled on the postulates of Plan S and will also be adopted, in a similar form, by other members of cOAlition S. The document enters into force on the day of signing and shall apply to calls announced on 15 June this year and projects based on implementation agreements signed after 1 January 2021". The document provides information on the publication routes compliant with Plan S, as well as cost eligibility, licensing and copyright protection, and additional provisions. See: https://www.ncn.gov.pl/aktualnosci/2020-06-03-wprowadzenie-polityki-otwartego-dostepu?language=en
In July 2020 NCN announced that cOAlition S has developed the Rights Retention Strategy. According to the implementation roadmap, NCN will adopt the strategy from 1 January 2021 (early adopter). See: https://www.ncn.gov.pl/aktualnosci/2020-07-15-kolejny-etap-wdrazania-planu-s?language=en, https://www.coalition-s.org/plan-s-funders-implementation/
The Research Council of Lithuania adopted the Guidelines on Open Access to Scientific Publications and Dataon the 29th of February 2016 and seeks its further implementation.
The Guidelines include open access (OA) and open research data policy in full alignment with the Horizon 2020 (H2020) OA mandate and Open Research Data Pilot, and the July 2012 European Commission recommendations on access to and preservation of scientific information.
The major funding agency in the country:
Funders with an Open Access Policy:
Funding Basic Research in Hungary: The Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
The governmental research funding in Hungary is allocated through the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NRDI Fund), which funds applied research, and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) as well as the Ministry of Human Resources (EMMI) that support basic research.
The National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NRDI), which is a national strategic and funding agency for scientific research as well as the primary RDI funding agency in Hungary, runs the NRDI Fund since 2015. The NRDI and its predecessor, Organisational Evaluation of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), introduced an OA mandate in 2014. According to the NRDI, the obligation to make publications open access is integrated into the text of the grant agreements if the projects have publications expected as research outputs. The Grant agreement states that it is the responsibility of the project leader to provide open access to publications funded by NRDI (OTKA). Approximately 2.5% of the funding for all research projects is dedicated to open access costs. In addition, if further funding is needed, up to 5% of the project funding could also be used to cover APCs. On the basis of the administrative funder regulations, the costs have to be justified by invoices.
HAS introduced its open access mandate in 2013. Publications based on research results funded by HAS have to be openly available either via the green or the gold open access route. HAS funds research projects through its research institutions and research groups. The 2016 Decree by the President of HAS makes a strong reference to the Commission Recommendation of 17 July 2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information (2012/417/EU). Based on these recommendations, the Presidential mandate applies to all research outputs that receive public funds from HAS. An embargo period of two years applies in SSH and of one year in STM.
RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES IN HUNGARY
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the Research Infrastructures in Hungary document.
National Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3)
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the National Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3).
National RDI strategy
- Investment in the future
- National Research and Development and Innovation Strategy (2013-2020)
For projects (co-)funded by the FNR and accepted before 1 January 2017, no policy applies, though authors are recommended to make their publications accessible in Open Access.
For projects granted after 1 January 2017 but before 1 January 2021 (exception: monographs), the FNR requires for publications to be accessible in Open Access. The minimum requirement is for the Author Accepted Manuscript (aka. postprint) or the Version of Record (aka. publisher's version) to be deposited on a suitable OA repository respecting an embargo period of 6 months (or 12 months for social sciences and humanities). Should OA publications fees (i.e. Article Processing Charges) be required, the FNR reimburses through its OPEN ACCESS FUND up to 2500€ for OA journals, 1500€ for hybrid journals and 2000€ for monographs. Read the full guidelines here.
For projects accepted after 1 January 2021, FNR's policy aligns with the guidelines set by Plan S, the FNR being a member of cOAlition S. Publications must be made available in OA immediately upon publication (i.e. no embargo allowed) and authors must retain sufficient copyright allowing them to deposit their Author Accepted Manuscript in an open access repository under a public licence. The FNR will continue funding OA publications fees when required, with the exception of hybrid journals that are not part of a transformative agreement. Read the full guidelines here.
Authors from projects accepted after 1 January 2021 will also be required to possess an ORCID and draft a Data Management Plan before the beginning of the project.
Funders with an Open Access Policy
Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
For funder and publisher OA policies, please consult the following links:
The Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) is Switzerland's leading provider of scientific research funding. With its federal mandate, it supports basic research in all disciplines, from philosophy and biology to nanoscience and medicine.
The SNSF (also co-signatory of the Berlin Declaration in 2006) requires grantees to provide open access to research results obtained with the help of SNSF grants (Article 44 Funding Regulations). As of 1 October 2013, researchers receiving SNSF funding can cover the costs of publishing articles in pure OA journals via the project budget. As of October 2018, APCs and BCPCs can be requested from a central OA fund (currently with no cap).
As of July 2014, the SNSF is expanding its OA policy to include monographs and editions. This corresponds to the rules applying to the publication of journal articles.
As of October 2017, the SNSF introduced an Open Research Data policy in its project funding scheme. Researchers have to include a data management plan (DMP) in their funding application and the SNSF expects that data generated by funded projects will be publicly accessible in digital databases provided there are no legal, ethical, copyright or other issues.
Among other public research funders of Switzerland, the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW) supports the implementation of Open Access. The SAGW calls upon its member societies to obtain the necessary rights for their authors from the publishers. Several SAGW-sponsored journals are freely available.
The SNSF supports the principles of "Plan S". However, due to its own Open Access (OA-2020) policy, the SNSF is currently not in a position to sign "Plan S". According to an SNSF spokesman, this circumstance will be re-evaluated in 2020.