Hungary
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Hungary adopted the Research Infrastructures of the European Commission in order to foster professional cooperation, the collaboration of the regional research infrastructure and also to contribute to the development of the European Research Area. The use of open infrastructure is crucial to establish a research area and users shall have an equal chance to access it if they comply with the conditions laid down in the publicly available rules.
Support and landscape
The members of the HUNOR (HUNgarian Open Access Repositories) consortium are dedicated to promoting Hungarian research both nationally and internationally and to achieving effective dissemination of scientific outputs through the implementation of a national infrastructure of open access repositories.
The Hungarian version of the SHERPA/RoMEO database was published in May 2012, and we have started to feed it with Hungarian publishers’ data. University of Debrecen represents HUNOR in the PEER (www.peerproject.eu) and OpenAIRE (www.openaire.eu) projects. Three HUNOR member institutions represent the country in COAR, the Coalition of Open Access Repositories. Dissertations from a growing number of HUNOR partners are harvested by the DART-Europe (www.dart-europe.eu) portal. We are also represented in LIBER and actively involved in projects on the unique identification of European researchers. There is a growing need for help and advice concerning OA journals. Therefore we successfully established a direct contact with the DOAJ (www.doaj.org) team. More and more Hungarian departmental and society journals sense the need for international visibility and turn to HUNOR for guidance.
The Hungarian research institutions are organized into two groups:
- There are 66 higher education institutions in the country: 22 state universities, 7 non- state universities, 5 state universities of applied sciences, 2 non-state universities of applied sciences, 1 state college, and 28 non-state colleges. For further details on Higher education in Hungary please click here.
- The research network of the Academy comprises 15 legally independent research institutions and more than 130 research groups at universities co-financed by the Academy. For further details please click here.
National initiatives
35 Hungarian scientific journals are indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals and some more journals are under process. Most of the scientific journals use Open Journal Systems (OJS) for managing the publication process.
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Out of 7 repositories OpenAire harvested 18082 open access publications.
OpenAIRE statistics
25410 OA publications in 20 repositories -
National policy
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the Research Infrastructures in Hungary document. In addition to the most direct R&D&I results which can be expected from the professional cooperation, the collaboration of the regional research infrastructure can also contribute to the development of the European Research Area, the scientific and economic development of the given region, and, in the spirit of “open access”, the promotion of the mobility of researchers and the combat against the global brain drain within the context of the more advanced areas.
Hungary has not implemented a national Open Access/Open Science policy yet.
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the Research Infrastructures in Hungary document. In addition to the most direct R&D&I results which can be expected from the professional cooperation, the collaboration of the regional research infrastructure can also contribute to the development of the European Research Area, the scientific and economic development of the given region, and, in the spirit of “open access”, the promotion of the mobility of researchers and the combat against the global brain drain within the context of the more advanced areas. For more, please click here.
Pursuant to Act LXXVI of 2014 on scientific research, development and innovation, the National Research Infrastructure Committee assists the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in the fulfilment of its public functions aimed at the sustainable development of the domestic RDI infrastructure. The National Research Infrastructure Committee is responsible for mapping the domestic research infrastructure, assessing development needs, planning cooperation with foreign research infrastructures and continuously monitoring effectiveness in the relevant fields of science and research. Taking all this into consideration, and adhering to the Roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI), it submits a proposal on the development of the domestic research infrastructure in the framework of the Hungarian National Roadmap. For more, please click here.
Institutional policy
Act CCIV on National Higher Education regulates the public availability of doctoral theses and dissertation.Funder policy
Funding Basic Research in Hungary: The Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
The governmental research funding in Hungary is allocated through the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NRDI Fund), which funds applied research, and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) as well as the Ministry of Human Resources (EMMI) that support basic research.
The National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NRDI), which is a national strategic and funding agency for scientific research as well as the primary RDI funding agency in Hungary, runs the NRDI Fund since 2015. The NRDI and its predecessor, Organisational Evaluation of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), introduced an OA mandate in 2014. According to the NRDI, the obligation to make publications open access is integrated into the text of the grant agreements if the projects have publications expected as research outputs. The Grant agreement states that it is the responsibility of the project leader to provide open access to publications funded by NRDI (OTKA). Approximately 2.5% of the funding for all research projects is dedicated to open access costs. In addition, if further funding is needed, up to 5% of the project funding could also be used to cover APCs. On the basis of the administrative funder regulations, the costs have to be justified by invoices.
HAS introduced its open access mandate in 2013. Publications based on research results funded by HAS have to be openly available either via the green or the gold open access route. HAS funds research projects through its research institutions and research groups. The 2016 Decree by the President of HAS makes a strong reference to the Commission Recommendation of 17 July 2012 on access to and preservation of scientific information (2012/417/EU). Based on these recommendations, the Presidential mandate applies to all research outputs that receive public funds from HAS. An embargo period of two years applies in SSH and of one year in STM.RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES IN HUNGARY
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the Research Infrastructures in Hungary document.
National Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3)
In order to achieve the objectives aimed at enhancing the research-development and innovation performance of Hungary undertaken in the National Reform Programme related to the Europe 2020 Strategy, the Government has negotiated and adopted the National Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3).
National RDI strategy
- Investment in the future
- National Research and Development and Innovation Strategy (2013-2020)
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Key networks and aggregators
Out of 8 repositories, OpenAIRE harvested 20597 open access publications.
There are nearly 40 repositories in Hungary registered in OpenDOAR. The national information portal on open access suggests that these repositories are run by 23 universities and research institutions. A survey conducted in 2017 indicated that most of the repositories are cross-disciplinary, representing all disciplines covered by the parent institutions. The content of these repositories is aggregated by various services, including OpenAIRE, DART-EUROPE, and BASE. HAS has created a pilot to aggregate repository content and OJS content in the country. It provides access to more than 234,000 publications.
Certain groups of the Hungarian research community are aware of Open Access and its benefits, but they are still reluctant to provide Open Access to their publications. The main obstacles are a lack of knowledge about relevant copyright issues and the resistance by researchers to allocate time and effort to the depositing process. Advocacy programmes (attached to a network of institutional repositories) by higher education libraries could be an effective way of increasing national research visibility and impact.
Open Access repositories
Institutional repositories in Hungary:
- Corvinus University of Budapest - Dissertations
- Corvinus University of Budapest - Research
- Corvinus University of Budapest - Archive of the Institute of Business Economics
- Contenta - Repository of the University of Szeged
- DEA - Repository of the University of Debrecen
- EDIT - Repository of Eötvös Lóránd University
- Midra - Repository of the University of Miskolc
- University of West Hungary - Theses
- University of West Hungary - Dissertations
- University of West Hungary - Publication Database
- Repositories of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA):
- Repository of the Semmelweis University
- Szent István Archive
- CEU Academic Archive (Central European University's Academic Archive)
- CEU Business School Electronic Archive
Data repositories
There are five data repositories registered in the re3data database in Hungary. Two of them are run by research centres and mostly host data in the fields of SSH. The others include HunCLARIN, which is a member of the European project CLARIN and has a large collection of data in the fields of SSH; however, generally, it hosts cross-disciplinary data. Hungary is a member of GEOMIND, a centralised cross-border gateway for geophysical data search and acquirement, and a partner in KADoNiS, the Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars.
- TÁRKI Data Archive stores data collections of empirical social research.
- The data collections contain factographic (ie. numerical) data.
- The research data are mostly from survey research, but we also archive other factographic data collections (eg. historical data, census, etc).
- The datasets are available in digital (machine-readable) format.
- The data collections that contain personal data about natural persons - ie. about real people - are anonymized.
- We store the datasets in SPSS (system and partable) and ASCII formats.
- Users need special analytical tools (statistical software) and skills to use the data collections.
This is the data repository of the Research Documentation Centre (RDC) at the Centre for Social Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. You can browse through researches conducted at the four institutes (Institute for Legal Studies, Institute for Minority Studies, Institute for Political Science, Institute for Sociology) of the Centre for Social Sciences and download research collections. Every user can search among the topics, the researchers and other basic information about the research collections. Some of our collections are available to the public without registration.
There are two objectives of the Openbiomaps project: first, to maintain an open and free biological database service; second, to develop biological data handling software applications. The Openbiomaps project thus provides a stable background for open and free biological databases, specifically for scientists and conservationists, and its customizable toolset allows for the easy access and management of data.
National publishing initiatives
35 Hungarian scientific journals are indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals and some more journals are under process. Most of the scientific journals use Open Journal Systems (OJS) for managing the publication process.
National agreements with publishers
Big deals and consortial subscriptions to electronic information resources at the national level are coordinated by the Electronic Information Service (EIS) National Programme at the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
In 2017, the EIS initiated negotiations with publishers on ‘read and publish’ options that combine subscription prices with different models of open access publication fee discounts. Currently, there are agreements with the Royal Society of Chemistry, Taylor & Francis, and De Gruyter. Further negotiations with publishers are scheduled for 2018.OA books
Some part of books resulting from national research projects are freely available to readers.
They are mostly accessible through institutional repositories. -
Information in Hungarian on open science and all aspects of open access is available at the national open access homepage.
The website is maintained by the University and National Library of the University of Debrecen (DEENK), OpenAIRE NOAD for Hungary and coordinator of the HUNOR consortium. DEENK organises annual workshops on open access and open science and bimonthly workshops and meetings for the HUNOR members.
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Funding Agencies
Hungary has 1major funding agency which is listed here:
Integrated in OpenAIRE
Hungary has no funding agency integrated in OpenAIRE yet.
Unless otherwise indicated, all materials created by OpenAIRE are licenced under CC ATTRIBUTION 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE.