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Recent work has suggested that readers 19 initial and incorrect interpretation of temporarily ambiguous ("garden path") sentences (e.g., Christianson, Hollingworth, Halliwell, & Ferreira, 2001) sometimes lingers even after attempts at reanalysis. These lingering effects have been attributed to incomplete reanalysis. In two eye tracking experiments, we distinguish between two types of incompleteness: the language comprehension system might not build a faithful syntactic structure, or it might not fully erase the structure built during an initial misparse. The first experiment used reflexive binding and the Gender Mismatch paradigm to show that a complete and faithful structure is built following processing of the garden-path. The second experiment used two-sentence texts to examine the extent to which the garden-path meaning from the first sentence interferes with reading of the second. Together, the results indicate that misinterpretation effects are attributable not to failure in building a proper structure, but rather to failure in cleaning up all remnants of earlier attempts to build that syntactic representation.
Kallmeyer, L. & Romero, M. (2007). Reflexives and Reciprocals in LTAG. In Geertzen, J., Thijsse, E., Bunt, H., and Schiffrin, A. (Eds) Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Computational Semantics (IWCS-7), 271-282, Tilburg
Kaschak, M. P. & Glenberg, A. M. (2004). This construction needs learned. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 133, 450-467.
Kreiner, H., Sturt, P., & Garrod, S. (2008). Processing definitional and stereotypical gender in reference resolution: Evidence from eye-movements. Journal of Memory and Language, 58, 239-261.
Lau, E. F. & Ferreira, F. (2005). Lingering effects of disfluent material on comphrehension of garden path sentences. Language and Cognitive Processes, 20, 633-666.
Lewis, R. L., & Vasishth, S. (2005). An activation-based model of sentence processing as skilled memory retrieval. Cognitive Science, 29: 375-419.
Levy, R. (2008). Expectation-based syntactic comprehension. Cognition, 106, 1126-1177.